Describe And Evaluate Psychological Research Into Obedience

Describe evaluate psychological research into obedience Obedience is a compliance with an order, request, or law or submission to another’s authority (Oxforddictionaries, n.d). Stanley Milgram was an American social psychologist, known for his experiment on obedience. This was taken place in the 1960’s while he was completing his professorship at Yale University (wikipedia.org, 2015). Milgram’s (1963) study of obedience was a laboratory study to investigate how far people will go in obeying authority. The experiment took place at Yale University; this was a year after the trial of Adolf Eichmann. Milgram invented the experiment to find out,Could it be that Eichmann and his million accomplices in the Holocaust were just following orders? Could we call them all accomplices? (Milgram, 1974). The experiment involved 40 males aged between 20 and 50 from a range of background’s i.e. Construction workers to Doctors. All participants were from the New Haven area in the United States of America. The subjects had all applied to be involved in the study through a local newspaper advertisement and were paid $4.50(Grahame, 2009). Through a fixed lottery, the subjects were given a role of a teacher and their co-subject, who was an actor, would be the learner. The participants were unaware the roles were fixed until debriefing. The teacher was guided by the experimenter to give the learner a shock each time he answered a question wrong. The teacher was given a sample of a 45Show MoreRelatedDescribe and Evaluate Psychological Research Into Obedience1758 Words   |  8 PagesObedience results from pressure to comply with authority. Children are taught to obey from an early age by their care givers, in order for them to conform in society. The authoritarian rule continues through their education and working life, and is then passed on to the next generation. This essay will focus on the work of the American psychologist Stanley Milgram. It will also look at other studies into obedience that evolved from Milgram’s experiments from the early 1960s. Stanley Milgram isRead MoreAnalysis Of Stanley Milgram s Perils Of Disobedience 1372 Words   |  6 PagesIn Stanley Milgram’s essay, â€Å"Perils of Disobedience†, an experiment was conducted to test an individual’s obedience from authority when conflicting with morally incorrect orders. Following the conclusion of World War Two, Milgram’s essay was published in Harper’s Magazine, which appeals to a national audience and yields an array of content from different contextual backgrounds. As Milgram reports the results of his experiment, he provides descriptive details of many of the subjects and their behaviorsRead MoreHuman Development And Family Relations1556 Words   |  7 Pagesand explain thoughts, emotions and behaviors. Research psychologist studies exciting opportunities in psychology; it looks at various branches in the field of psychological research, for example, in clinical psychology, which includes both scientific research, focusing on the search for general principles, and clinical service, focusing on the study and care of clients, and information gathered from each of these activities influences practice and research., development psychology focuses on behaviorsRead MoreThe Lab Experiment : The Experiment, And The Blue Eyes Vs. Brown Eyes Experiment967 Words   |  4 PagesIn the field of psychology experiments are used to test a psychologists hypotheses or evaluate something. The American Psychological Association has a set of rules, a Code of Conduct that describes the ethics that should be followed during an experiment. Although in the past these rules weren’t as strict as they are today which lead to the doing of some experiments. During these times there were many experiments but three have become quite popular throughout history. These experiments were The MilgramRead MoreOne of the Main Divisions Between Mainstream and Critical Social Psychology Is That of the Methods Adopted. Discuss with Ref erence to the Cognitive Social and at Least One Other Social Psychological Perspective.1698 Words   |  7 Pages Discuss with reference to the cognitive social and at least one other social psychological perspective. Social psychology has existed for about 100 years, before which psychology was a branch of philosophy. Social psychology studies individuals in their social contexts. It is a diverse discipline made up of many theoretical perspectives and variety of different methods are used in social psychological research. This assignment explores the main principles of different methods in socialRead MoreDepression in the Bible1331 Words   |  6 Pagessignificant increase or decrease in appetite and time spent sleeping, feelings of dejection and hopelessness, and sometimes suicidal thoughts or an attempt to commit suicide† (Merriam Webster). A close friend of mine battles depression and would describe it is, â€Å"a debilitating mood that makes it hard to get out of the bed in the morning, a desire to sleep all the time, inability to experience joy, and apathy towards life.† Due to its prevalent occurrence among several people groups throughout historyRead MoreExam review for CJ Essay912 Words   |  4 Pagesto research each question as completely as possible. Try to answer these questions as if you are providing information to an individual who knows nothing about each topic. Explain your answers in detail; remember, the more complete your answer is the better your grade will be. 1. The importance of Lawrence Kohlberg’s work is the link he makes between moral development and reason. Although this concept originated with Kant and other earlier philosophers, Kohlberg provides a psychological analysisRead MoreConformity and Obedience Essay3326 Words   |  14 PagesConformity and Obedience Task: outline and evaluate findings from conformity and obedience research and consider explanations for conformity (and non-conformity), as well as evaluating Milgram’s studies of obedience (including ethical issues). The following essay will be about understanding what is meant by and distinguishing the differences between the terms conformity and obedience. It will show the evaluation of two key psychological studies which seek to explain why people do and do not conformRead MoreTopic Topics On Social Psychology1425 Words   |  6 Pageshow and why we act, think, communicate and behave the way we do. Topics included under the umbrella of social psychology include: the importance of human relationships and interactions; the impact of social influences, such as group pressures and obedience; developmental and situational considerations of prosocial and antisocial behaviors; and the relationship between our attitudes and beliefs and our behaviors (Lilienfeld, Lynn, Namy Woolf, 2014, p. 496-497). Arguably one of the most essentialRead More16th May EMA tutorial1796 Words   |  10 Pages- 9) ‘Psychological processes that cannot be directly observed’ †¢ Think about the studies and concepts in each of the parts and be prepared to discuss your ideas when you are called back. Module Overview: Part 1 Why people do harm to others? †¢ Exposing the authoritarian personality †¢ Just following orders? †¢ Learning from watching Module Overview: Part 2 What determines human behaviour? †¢ Changing behaviour †¢ Determined to love? †¢ Making friends Module Overview: Part 3 Psychological processes

Alcohol Is The Drug Of Choice Among Youth - 1692 Words

Can a person be too young to become addicted to alcohol and drugs? Or why is age of first use of alcohol is critically important? There are many questions raised on consumption of alcohol when it comes on drinking at early age. Alcohol often has a strong effect on people and throughout history, we have struggled to understand and manage the power of alcohol. However, we hardly think how much alcohol is too much for us, unless we get into any kind of trouble or shows some physical or mental effects on our health. People usually consume alcohol to celebrate, relax and socialize. It is also use as the celebrating drink during any functions or occasions. Drinking patterns often differ when it comes to students drinking on campus. Alcohol s effects may vary from person to person, depending on many factors as, how much or how often you drink? , or what age or in which health status you are drinking? Most probably, alcohol is the drug of choice among youth. Many young people are facin g the consequences of drinking too much at too early age. Drinking under the age of 21 is consider as a social crime as it may lead to criminal behavior, many social issues and other serious health problems. As a result, underage drinking is a leading public health problem in various developing countries. Consumption of alcohol is not a taken as a bigger issue but could be, if you are drinking it in an immoral way. We know that drinking too much can cause manyShow MoreRelatedAlcohol. the Drug of Choice Among Youth1908 Words   |  8 PagesAlcohol is the drug of choice among youth. Many young people are experiencing the consequences of drinking too much, at too early an age. As a result, underage drinking is a leading public health problem in this country. Each year, approximately 5,000 young people under the age of 21 die as a result of underage drinking; this includes about 1,900 deaths from motor vehicle crashes, 1,600 as a result of homicides, 300 from suicide, as well as hundreds from other injuries such as falls, burns, andRead MoreThe Social Problem Of Teenage Drinking725 Words   |  3 Pageslargest social issues among young people in America today. Although more than half of high schoolers drink on a regular basis, the problem is that they are not aware of how dangerous alcohol can be. Although the health risks of heavy drinking are known and understood, the social habit continues to be accepted as a cultural norm. Is it surprising then, that the young people are beginning to drink at school ages. The reality is that alcohol is often the cause of many problems among these teenagers. SimplyRead MoreTeens Top Reasons for Taking Drugs Essay614 Words   |  3 Pagesteens and drugs has been around for decades; however, this is no t what you would call positive. Substance abusing (which is using drugs or alcohol in ways than can cause physical harm) is often associated with crime. But why do youths take drugs? Youth take drugs for the following reasons: social disorganization, peer pressure, family factors, emotional, or rational choice. Social disorganization deals with drug abuse to poverty and disorganized urban environment. Drug use by youth minorityRead MoreDrugs And Drug Use870 Words   |  4 Pagesrelates to juveniles doing drugs. They do not just get the idea one day to do drugs without first being exposed to it by someone close to them or just seeing someone do it in front of them. Juveniles are still kids so they are curious about how things work. Most times when a juvenile is a high- risk youth and are using drugs, they have usually seen a family member or a close friend doing a drug and want to try. When adolescents become unable to function is when they abuse drugs. If an adolescent is unableRead MoreTeenage Drug Use Of Drugs1560 Words   |  7 PagesElizabeth Onyiego 9/27/2014 Sociology 100 Professor Victoria Hoverman Teenage Drug Use In today’s society, one of the common problems among teenagers is the use of drugs. Teen age is probably one of the most challenging periods in life. It is a stage of self identity crisis that leads to great confusion amongst the teens. Belonging and being accepted in a group is very important in the minds of the teens; where many regard the act as cool. During these years of growth, teenagers encounter their shareRead MoreTopic On Alcopops And Teen Binge Drinking1338 Words   |  6 Pagesamounts of alcohol for the purpose of getting drunk. Teenagers generally do this on a weekend and the drink of choice is the sweet flavoured Alcopops. These drinks come in a variety of cool colour and flavours and are marketed at the younger target group Binge drinking is a widely used term, and is the act of drinking heavily over a short period of time or over several days. Alcopops are the only alcoholic drink whose popularity declines with age. Alcopops begin introducing young people to alcohol at aRead MoreThe Effects Of Using Drugs At A Young Age982 Words   |  4 Pagessome drugs that officials ascertained over the past year is astounding. Middle school children are getting more access to drugs including, over the counter medicine, alcohol and everyday household products today versus the last decade. It is important because as one gets older, it could be a gateway to much harder drugs like stimulants, narcotics, benzodiazepines, hallucinogens and ecstasy as well as no one, knows the long term effect of using drugs at a young age. Starting The Usage of Drugs AccordingRead MoreEducation Is An Integral Part Of A Child s Upbringing785 Words   |  4 Pagesis a management strategy aimed at reducing aggressive, disruptive classroom behavior, a risk factor for adolescent and illicit drug abuse (SAMHSA, 2016). Similarly the focus group participants mentioned that Academia Education from K-12 grade needs to incorporate evidence-based programs in the academic curriculum in addressing alcohol and other drug use among the youth. NH young adults emphasized the importance of introducing substance misuse education in early school age from elementary while strengtheningRead MoreComparing Music Genres With Drug Abuse Essay1276 Words   |  6 PagesGenres with Drug Abuse Researchers have conducted different researchers aimed at investigating the relationship between illicit drug use and specific music genres. In a study conducted by Hesse and Tutenges (83) it was clear that specific music genre promote drug abuse as they contain different lyrical content, imagery in videos and public image artists who attracted huge following among the youths. A study conducted by Edmondson (406) revealed that music could be used as a model to use drugs while theRead MoreEssay about Views on Alcohol and Drug Abuse733 Words   |  3 PagesAlcohol and drug abuse among the youth and the adult population is a growing social problem in the United States. The teenage population is very influential to when around its peers. With peer pressure and social roles, teens tend to try and be like the person they look up to, and will do just about anything to look and seem cool in an effort to fit in. Adults tend to turn to alcohol and drugs due to life experiences, such as gettin g laid off of a job,a death of a family member or friend, or simply

International HRM for Intercultural Communication- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theInternational HRM for Intercultural Communication Studies. Answer: The primary aim of this paper is to provide a brief overview about the culture shock. The paper explains how culture shock influences profitability and image of the company. Telstra has been chosen in the task which is one of biggest telecommunication corporation which renders internet and media services to its customers across the world. In todays era, the firm is maximizing its revenue and returns effectively. On the other hand, the paper explains that how Telstra manages and controls the culture shock in foreign country. Culture may be defined as the sum total of the beliefs, rules, institutions, techniques artifacts which are characterized by the human populations. Culture plays a significant role in each and every organization. On the other hand, cultural shock is the feeling of insecurity, disorientation and even anxiety that results from being constantly in a new and experiencing an unfamiliar culture (Rubera Kirca, 2012). Changes in technology, language differences, and changes in routine and evaluative and emotional disorientation are the main causes of cultural shock. Cultural shock affects image and financial position of the firm adversely. To gain success and growth in the competitive environment, the firm needs to focus different cultural environment. Furthermore, culture shock may arise from a persons unfamiliarity with local customs, acceptable behavior and languages in the firm (Wang, Su Yang, 2011). Lets talk about an organizational example; Telstra is a dynamic example which manages culture shock effectively and efficiently. Telstra is an Australian telecommunications and media corporation which provides market voice, internet access, networks and mobile services to the customers across the world (Telstra, 2018). The company was incorporated in 1st July 1975 with its headquarter is located in Melbourne, Australia. The firm provides around 17.6 million mobile services to its customers in the world. The main aim of the organization is to provide unique and effective telecommunication services to its customers in the market. Along with this, Telstra also wants to create a brilliant connected future for people (Telstra, 2018). Human resource management of Telstra is very effective and dynamic which helps to make unique strategies and policies for the firm. HRM is the backbone of the company to manage the business activities and operations quickly. Furthermore, HRM plays a crucial r ole in managing and controlling the employees effectively. In addition, various unique functions are performed by the HRM in the organization which helps to conduct companys business activities effectively. There are enormous issues which faced by the HR department of Telstra. Culture shock is one of biggest issues that are dealt by HRM within the organization. Culture shock affects the productivity and outcomes of the firm as it also increases absenteeism and employee turnover in the firm. Various policies and strategies are made by human resource department to manage and control culture shock that has been detailed below. Give them a buddy and mentor: A well educated and experienced buddy and mentor should be appointed by human resource management for new joinees. A buddy and mentor monitor and evaluate the performance and productivity of new applicants in the firm. Telstra is a multinational telecommunication and media company therefore skilled and experienced employees are needed in the organization. Mentor and buddy also provide training to new workers for doing task and duties efficiently. It will also help to minimize the cultural differences among the new workers. The mentor and buddy will help to workers to familiarize with current projects, coworkers, policies and office hangout places. Effective recruitment and selection process: It is one of the vital functions of HRM which is performed by HR executives and HR managers. Effective recruitment and selection process must be conducted by the HRM to recruit potential and skilled candidates in the marketplace. Potential and skilled workers can easily understand the culture of foreign country therefore, it will reduce culture shock (Reiche Harzing, 2011). Familiarize with office terms: Human resource department is significant department of Telstra which helps to make effective and unique policies, strategies and plans in the firm. Human resource management should use various policies and strategies to familiarize the office terms and rules with employees. It will help to create a good working environment in the workplace therefore, employees will start to do work effectively. Create a fun packet: A positive feeling on the first day will surely give a push to the new workers for a long term reciprocal relationship with the employees. HRM should assemble and accumulate a fun packet for employees; the fun packet includes coffee mugs, photo frames, artistic calendar, decorative plants and office stationary. In this way, Telstra can reduce and eliminate cross cultural differences within the organization. It is an effective way to overcome the competitors in the global market. Training and development programs: Training and development programs shall be conducted by HRM to identify and measure the causes of culture shock. Training and development programs help to identify and understand the languages, values, customs and beliefs of foreign countries. If Telstra provides training and development coaching to the expatriates then culture shock issues will not arise at the workplace. Along with this, induction programs are also held by human resource management in the firm to increase knowledge and experience of the workers. In this way, Telstra can overcome on the cross cultural issues in the workplace (Ko Yang, 2011). Keep a positive attitude: It is an effective way to cope with culture shock in the organization. If the firm starts its business operations and activities in foreign country, the employees keep positive attitudes towards foreign culture. It will help to analyze and measure the climate of foreign country. Before starting a new business in foreign country, the company evaluates and analyzes the climate and working environment of the foreign country. It will also help to make good and favorable working environment within the organization (Podsiadlowski, Grschke, Kogler, Springer Van Der Zee, 2013). Good relationship: The managers and leaders should build and develop reciprocal relationship with their coworkers and expatriates to minimize culture shock and to maintain favorable culture in the workplace. The managers should ask questions with workers related to working environment and culture (Lin, Chen Song, 2012). It will help to find barriers and hurdles which rise at the workplace. Effective and dynamic relationship will also enhance and increase confidence, morale and trust of the employees. Along with this, HRM should appoint a supervisor to provide support for the workers. All these policies are made by the HRM for the welfare of the workers. Furthermore, these practices and policies also help to overcome on the cross cultural issues in the organization (Bardhan Weaver, 2011). Along with this, Telstra uses hostede cross cultural dimension model to reduce and cope with the cross cultural issues. This model plays a vital role in cross cultural management (Shi Wang, 2011). On the above mentioned aforesaid events, it has been evaluated that culture shock is one of the significant issues in Telstra which could influence the success and growth of the firm. Therefore, the company needs to focus on the culture shock to maximize profitability and minimize risks and challenges of the foreign market. Effective and unique measures are taken by the human resource management to manage culture shock at the workplace. Along with this, HRM should make effective and dynamic plans, policies and strategies to handle the culture shock within the organization. References Bardhan, N., Weaver, C. K. (Eds.). (2011).Public relations in global cultural contexts: Multi-paradigmatic perspectives. Routledge. Ko, H. C., Yang, M. L. (2011). The effects of cross-cultural training on expatriate assignments.Intercultural Communication Studies,20(1). Lin, Y. C., Chen, A. S. Y., Song, Y. C. (2012). Does your intelligence help to survive in a foreign jungle? The effects of cultural intelligence and emotional intelligence on cross-cultural adjustment.International Journal of Intercultural Relations,36(4), 541-552. Podsiadlowski, A., Grschke, D., Kogler, M., Springer, C., Van Der Zee, K. (2013). Managing a culturally diverse workforce: Diversity perspectives in organizations.International Journal of Intercultural Relations,37(2), 159-175. Reiche, B. S., Harzing, A. W. (2011). International assignments.International human resource management,3, 185-226. Rubera, G., Kirca, A. H. (2012). Firm innovativeness and its performance outcomes: A meta-analytic review and theoretical integration.Journal of Marketing,76(3), 130-147. Shi, X., Wang, J. (2011). Interpreting hofstede model and globe model: which way to go for cross-cultural research?.International journal of business and management,6(5), 93. Telstra. (2018). Good value, great service [Online].Available at https://www.telstra.com.au/aboutus/our-company/supplying-to-telstra[Accessed as on 1st April 2018]. Telstra.(2018). Our company [Online]. Available at https://www.telstra.com.au/aboutus/our-company/supplying-to-telstra [Accessed as on 1st April 2018]. Wang, D., Su, Z., Yang, D. (2011). Organizational culture and knowledge creation capability.Journal of knowledge management,15(3), 363-373.

Roman Military Essays - Military Of Ancient Rome, Roman Legion

Roman Military Roman Military The Roman army was one of the greatest forces of all times. The Roman army ,at its finest point, was nearly inconquerable. This was due to the discipline of the soldiers, the hard and effective training of the soldiers, the speed at wich new tactics were learned, and to theorganization of the soldiers. From early times right down to the 3rd century A.D, the Roman army was based on its legions. A legion varied in strength from four-thousand to six-thousand men, and was subdivided onto ten cohorts. Its leader used the title of legatus. His staff officers were called tribuni. Senior non-commissioned officers were called centurions, who varied greatly in rank. The soldiers of the legion were picked men: They were all Roman citizens and received a higher pay than the auxillary troops ,that is, foreigners who serve with the Roman army. A legion consisited of heavily armoured infantry foot soldiers. The Roman infantry became a feared force, well disciplined and well trained. Their weapons were two javelins each and a short thrustingsword. Cavalry was supplied by the auxilaries ,second line troops, and was organised mainly in units of 500 men. When it was on campaigns the army was accompanied by a number of 7 specialists. One was the camp commandant, who was responsible for the organisation of the camp. The Romans were very careful about their camps. No Roman army halted for a single night without digging a trenches and fortifying its camp. Each soldier took his share in establishing the camp and striking the camp the next day. Another specialist was the quaestor, whose duty was to look after all the money matter. then there were the engineers and all kinds of craftsmen and artisans. They were responsible for siege operations and for the rather primative Roman"artillery", which consisted of big catapults and complicated machines a little like crossbows. These were mainly used for hurling big rocks and stones at the walls of a defence place. The engineers also had to build the moveable towers that were used in sieges. The Roman soldiers went up inside these towers so that they could see over the walls of a fortified place and shoot their stones and arrows into it. The engineers also made the scaling ladders that were used for getting over walls.