Describe And Evaluate Psychological Research Into Obedience

Describe evaluate psychological research into obedience Obedience is a compliance with an order, request, or law or submission to another’s authority (Oxforddictionaries, n.d). Stanley Milgram was an American social psychologist, known for his experiment on obedience. This was taken place in the 1960’s while he was completing his professorship at Yale University (wikipedia.org, 2015). Milgram’s (1963) study of obedience was a laboratory study to investigate how far people will go in obeying authority. The experiment took place at Yale University; this was a year after the trial of Adolf Eichmann. Milgram invented the experiment to find out,Could it be that Eichmann and his million accomplices in the Holocaust were just following orders? Could we call them all accomplices? (Milgram, 1974). The experiment involved 40 males aged between 20 and 50 from a range of background’s i.e. Construction workers to Doctors. All participants were from the New Haven area in the United States of America. The subjects had all applied to be involved in the study through a local newspaper advertisement and were paid $4.50(Grahame, 2009). Through a fixed lottery, the subjects were given a role of a teacher and their co-subject, who was an actor, would be the learner. The participants were unaware the roles were fixed until debriefing. The teacher was guided by the experimenter to give the learner a shock each time he answered a question wrong. The teacher was given a sample of a 45Show MoreRelatedDescribe and Evaluate Psychological Research Into Obedience1758 Words   |  8 PagesObedience results from pressure to comply with authority. Children are taught to obey from an early age by their care givers, in order for them to conform in society. The authoritarian rule continues through their education and working life, and is then passed on to the next generation. This essay will focus on the work of the American psychologist Stanley Milgram. It will also look at other studies into obedience that evolved from Milgram’s experiments from the early 1960s. Stanley Milgram isRead MoreAnalysis Of Stanley Milgram s Perils Of Disobedience 1372 Words   |  6 PagesIn Stanley Milgram’s essay, â€Å"Perils of Disobedience†, an experiment was conducted to test an individual’s obedience from authority when conflicting with morally incorrect orders. Following the conclusion of World War Two, Milgram’s essay was published in Harper’s Magazine, which appeals to a national audience and yields an array of content from different contextual backgrounds. As Milgram reports the results of his experiment, he provides descriptive details of many of the subjects and their behaviorsRead MoreHuman Development And Family Relations1556 Words   |  7 Pagesand explain thoughts, emotions and behaviors. Research psychologist studies exciting opportunities in psychology; it looks at various branches in the field of psychological research, for example, in clinical psychology, which includes both scientific research, focusing on the search for general principles, and clinical service, focusing on the study and care of clients, and information gathered from each of these activities influences practice and research., development psychology focuses on behaviorsRead MoreThe Lab Experiment : The Experiment, And The Blue Eyes Vs. Brown Eyes Experiment967 Words   |  4 PagesIn the field of psychology experiments are used to test a psychologists hypotheses or evaluate something. The American Psychological Association has a set of rules, a Code of Conduct that describes the ethics that should be followed during an experiment. Although in the past these rules weren’t as strict as they are today which lead to the doing of some experiments. During these times there were many experiments but three have become quite popular throughout history. These experiments were The MilgramRead MoreOne of the Main Divisions Between Mainstream and Critical Social Psychology Is That of the Methods Adopted. Discuss with Ref erence to the Cognitive Social and at Least One Other Social Psychological Perspective.1698 Words   |  7 Pages Discuss with reference to the cognitive social and at least one other social psychological perspective. Social psychology has existed for about 100 years, before which psychology was a branch of philosophy. Social psychology studies individuals in their social contexts. It is a diverse discipline made up of many theoretical perspectives and variety of different methods are used in social psychological research. This assignment explores the main principles of different methods in socialRead MoreDepression in the Bible1331 Words   |  6 Pagessignificant increase or decrease in appetite and time spent sleeping, feelings of dejection and hopelessness, and sometimes suicidal thoughts or an attempt to commit suicide† (Merriam Webster). A close friend of mine battles depression and would describe it is, â€Å"a debilitating mood that makes it hard to get out of the bed in the morning, a desire to sleep all the time, inability to experience joy, and apathy towards life.† Due to its prevalent occurrence among several people groups throughout historyRead MoreExam review for CJ Essay912 Words   |  4 Pagesto research each question as completely as possible. Try to answer these questions as if you are providing information to an individual who knows nothing about each topic. Explain your answers in detail; remember, the more complete your answer is the better your grade will be. 1. The importance of Lawrence Kohlberg’s work is the link he makes between moral development and reason. Although this concept originated with Kant and other earlier philosophers, Kohlberg provides a psychological analysisRead MoreConformity and Obedience Essay3326 Words   |  14 PagesConformity and Obedience Task: outline and evaluate findings from conformity and obedience research and consider explanations for conformity (and non-conformity), as well as evaluating Milgram’s studies of obedience (including ethical issues). The following essay will be about understanding what is meant by and distinguishing the differences between the terms conformity and obedience. It will show the evaluation of two key psychological studies which seek to explain why people do and do not conformRead MoreTopic Topics On Social Psychology1425 Words   |  6 Pageshow and why we act, think, communicate and behave the way we do. Topics included under the umbrella of social psychology include: the importance of human relationships and interactions; the impact of social influences, such as group pressures and obedience; developmental and situational considerations of prosocial and antisocial behaviors; and the relationship between our attitudes and beliefs and our behaviors (Lilienfeld, Lynn, Namy Woolf, 2014, p. 496-497). Arguably one of the most essentialRead More16th May EMA tutorial1796 Words   |  10 Pages- 9) ‘Psychological processes that cannot be directly observed’ †¢ Think about the studies and concepts in each of the parts and be prepared to discuss your ideas when you are called back. Module Overview: Part 1 Why people do harm to others? †¢ Exposing the authoritarian personality †¢ Just following orders? †¢ Learning from watching Module Overview: Part 2 What determines human behaviour? †¢ Changing behaviour †¢ Determined to love? †¢ Making friends Module Overview: Part 3 Psychological processes

Alcohol Is The Drug Of Choice Among Youth - 1692 Words

Can a person be too young to become addicted to alcohol and drugs? Or why is age of first use of alcohol is critically important? There are many questions raised on consumption of alcohol when it comes on drinking at early age. Alcohol often has a strong effect on people and throughout history, we have struggled to understand and manage the power of alcohol. However, we hardly think how much alcohol is too much for us, unless we get into any kind of trouble or shows some physical or mental effects on our health. People usually consume alcohol to celebrate, relax and socialize. It is also use as the celebrating drink during any functions or occasions. Drinking patterns often differ when it comes to students drinking on campus. Alcohol s effects may vary from person to person, depending on many factors as, how much or how often you drink? , or what age or in which health status you are drinking? Most probably, alcohol is the drug of choice among youth. Many young people are facin g the consequences of drinking too much at too early age. Drinking under the age of 21 is consider as a social crime as it may lead to criminal behavior, many social issues and other serious health problems. As a result, underage drinking is a leading public health problem in various developing countries. Consumption of alcohol is not a taken as a bigger issue but could be, if you are drinking it in an immoral way. We know that drinking too much can cause manyShow MoreRelatedAlcohol. the Drug of Choice Among Youth1908 Words   |  8 PagesAlcohol is the drug of choice among youth. Many young people are experiencing the consequences of drinking too much, at too early an age. As a result, underage drinking is a leading public health problem in this country. Each year, approximately 5,000 young people under the age of 21 die as a result of underage drinking; this includes about 1,900 deaths from motor vehicle crashes, 1,600 as a result of homicides, 300 from suicide, as well as hundreds from other injuries such as falls, burns, andRead MoreThe Social Problem Of Teenage Drinking725 Words   |  3 Pageslargest social issues among young people in America today. Although more than half of high schoolers drink on a regular basis, the problem is that they are not aware of how dangerous alcohol can be. Although the health risks of heavy drinking are known and understood, the social habit continues to be accepted as a cultural norm. Is it surprising then, that the young people are beginning to drink at school ages. The reality is that alcohol is often the cause of many problems among these teenagers. SimplyRead MoreTeens Top Reasons for Taking Drugs Essay614 Words   |  3 Pagesteens and drugs has been around for decades; however, this is no t what you would call positive. Substance abusing (which is using drugs or alcohol in ways than can cause physical harm) is often associated with crime. But why do youths take drugs? Youth take drugs for the following reasons: social disorganization, peer pressure, family factors, emotional, or rational choice. Social disorganization deals with drug abuse to poverty and disorganized urban environment. Drug use by youth minorityRead MoreDrugs And Drug Use870 Words   |  4 Pagesrelates to juveniles doing drugs. They do not just get the idea one day to do drugs without first being exposed to it by someone close to them or just seeing someone do it in front of them. Juveniles are still kids so they are curious about how things work. Most times when a juvenile is a high- risk youth and are using drugs, they have usually seen a family member or a close friend doing a drug and want to try. When adolescents become unable to function is when they abuse drugs. If an adolescent is unableRead MoreTeenage Drug Use Of Drugs1560 Words   |  7 PagesElizabeth Onyiego 9/27/2014 Sociology 100 Professor Victoria Hoverman Teenage Drug Use In today’s society, one of the common problems among teenagers is the use of drugs. Teen age is probably one of the most challenging periods in life. It is a stage of self identity crisis that leads to great confusion amongst the teens. Belonging and being accepted in a group is very important in the minds of the teens; where many regard the act as cool. During these years of growth, teenagers encounter their shareRead MoreTopic On Alcopops And Teen Binge Drinking1338 Words   |  6 Pagesamounts of alcohol for the purpose of getting drunk. Teenagers generally do this on a weekend and the drink of choice is the sweet flavoured Alcopops. These drinks come in a variety of cool colour and flavours and are marketed at the younger target group Binge drinking is a widely used term, and is the act of drinking heavily over a short period of time or over several days. Alcopops are the only alcoholic drink whose popularity declines with age. Alcopops begin introducing young people to alcohol at aRead MoreThe Effects Of Using Drugs At A Young Age982 Words   |  4 Pagessome drugs that officials ascertained over the past year is astounding. Middle school children are getting more access to drugs including, over the counter medicine, alcohol and everyday household products today versus the last decade. It is important because as one gets older, it could be a gateway to much harder drugs like stimulants, narcotics, benzodiazepines, hallucinogens and ecstasy as well as no one, knows the long term effect of using drugs at a young age. Starting The Usage of Drugs AccordingRead MoreEducation Is An Integral Part Of A Child s Upbringing785 Words   |  4 Pagesis a management strategy aimed at reducing aggressive, disruptive classroom behavior, a risk factor for adolescent and illicit drug abuse (SAMHSA, 2016). Similarly the focus group participants mentioned that Academia Education from K-12 grade needs to incorporate evidence-based programs in the academic curriculum in addressing alcohol and other drug use among the youth. NH young adults emphasized the importance of introducing substance misuse education in early school age from elementary while strengtheningRead MoreComparing Music Genres With Drug Abuse Essay1276 Words   |  6 PagesGenres with Drug Abuse Researchers have conducted different researchers aimed at investigating the relationship between illicit drug use and specific music genres. In a study conducted by Hesse and Tutenges (83) it was clear that specific music genre promote drug abuse as they contain different lyrical content, imagery in videos and public image artists who attracted huge following among the youths. A study conducted by Edmondson (406) revealed that music could be used as a model to use drugs while theRead MoreEssay about Views on Alcohol and Drug Abuse733 Words   |  3 PagesAlcohol and drug abuse among the youth and the adult population is a growing social problem in the United States. The teenage population is very influential to when around its peers. With peer pressure and social roles, teens tend to try and be like the person they look up to, and will do just about anything to look and seem cool in an effort to fit in. Adults tend to turn to alcohol and drugs due to life experiences, such as gettin g laid off of a job,a death of a family member or friend, or simply

International HRM for Intercultural Communication- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theInternational HRM for Intercultural Communication Studies. Answer: The primary aim of this paper is to provide a brief overview about the culture shock. The paper explains how culture shock influences profitability and image of the company. Telstra has been chosen in the task which is one of biggest telecommunication corporation which renders internet and media services to its customers across the world. In todays era, the firm is maximizing its revenue and returns effectively. On the other hand, the paper explains that how Telstra manages and controls the culture shock in foreign country. Culture may be defined as the sum total of the beliefs, rules, institutions, techniques artifacts which are characterized by the human populations. Culture plays a significant role in each and every organization. On the other hand, cultural shock is the feeling of insecurity, disorientation and even anxiety that results from being constantly in a new and experiencing an unfamiliar culture (Rubera Kirca, 2012). Changes in technology, language differences, and changes in routine and evaluative and emotional disorientation are the main causes of cultural shock. Cultural shock affects image and financial position of the firm adversely. To gain success and growth in the competitive environment, the firm needs to focus different cultural environment. Furthermore, culture shock may arise from a persons unfamiliarity with local customs, acceptable behavior and languages in the firm (Wang, Su Yang, 2011). Lets talk about an organizational example; Telstra is a dynamic example which manages culture shock effectively and efficiently. Telstra is an Australian telecommunications and media corporation which provides market voice, internet access, networks and mobile services to the customers across the world (Telstra, 2018). The company was incorporated in 1st July 1975 with its headquarter is located in Melbourne, Australia. The firm provides around 17.6 million mobile services to its customers in the world. The main aim of the organization is to provide unique and effective telecommunication services to its customers in the market. Along with this, Telstra also wants to create a brilliant connected future for people (Telstra, 2018). Human resource management of Telstra is very effective and dynamic which helps to make unique strategies and policies for the firm. HRM is the backbone of the company to manage the business activities and operations quickly. Furthermore, HRM plays a crucial r ole in managing and controlling the employees effectively. In addition, various unique functions are performed by the HRM in the organization which helps to conduct companys business activities effectively. There are enormous issues which faced by the HR department of Telstra. Culture shock is one of biggest issues that are dealt by HRM within the organization. Culture shock affects the productivity and outcomes of the firm as it also increases absenteeism and employee turnover in the firm. Various policies and strategies are made by human resource department to manage and control culture shock that has been detailed below. Give them a buddy and mentor: A well educated and experienced buddy and mentor should be appointed by human resource management for new joinees. A buddy and mentor monitor and evaluate the performance and productivity of new applicants in the firm. Telstra is a multinational telecommunication and media company therefore skilled and experienced employees are needed in the organization. Mentor and buddy also provide training to new workers for doing task and duties efficiently. It will also help to minimize the cultural differences among the new workers. The mentor and buddy will help to workers to familiarize with current projects, coworkers, policies and office hangout places. Effective recruitment and selection process: It is one of the vital functions of HRM which is performed by HR executives and HR managers. Effective recruitment and selection process must be conducted by the HRM to recruit potential and skilled candidates in the marketplace. Potential and skilled workers can easily understand the culture of foreign country therefore, it will reduce culture shock (Reiche Harzing, 2011). Familiarize with office terms: Human resource department is significant department of Telstra which helps to make effective and unique policies, strategies and plans in the firm. Human resource management should use various policies and strategies to familiarize the office terms and rules with employees. It will help to create a good working environment in the workplace therefore, employees will start to do work effectively. Create a fun packet: A positive feeling on the first day will surely give a push to the new workers for a long term reciprocal relationship with the employees. HRM should assemble and accumulate a fun packet for employees; the fun packet includes coffee mugs, photo frames, artistic calendar, decorative plants and office stationary. In this way, Telstra can reduce and eliminate cross cultural differences within the organization. It is an effective way to overcome the competitors in the global market. Training and development programs: Training and development programs shall be conducted by HRM to identify and measure the causes of culture shock. Training and development programs help to identify and understand the languages, values, customs and beliefs of foreign countries. If Telstra provides training and development coaching to the expatriates then culture shock issues will not arise at the workplace. Along with this, induction programs are also held by human resource management in the firm to increase knowledge and experience of the workers. In this way, Telstra can overcome on the cross cultural issues in the workplace (Ko Yang, 2011). Keep a positive attitude: It is an effective way to cope with culture shock in the organization. If the firm starts its business operations and activities in foreign country, the employees keep positive attitudes towards foreign culture. It will help to analyze and measure the climate of foreign country. Before starting a new business in foreign country, the company evaluates and analyzes the climate and working environment of the foreign country. It will also help to make good and favorable working environment within the organization (Podsiadlowski, Grschke, Kogler, Springer Van Der Zee, 2013). Good relationship: The managers and leaders should build and develop reciprocal relationship with their coworkers and expatriates to minimize culture shock and to maintain favorable culture in the workplace. The managers should ask questions with workers related to working environment and culture (Lin, Chen Song, 2012). It will help to find barriers and hurdles which rise at the workplace. Effective and dynamic relationship will also enhance and increase confidence, morale and trust of the employees. Along with this, HRM should appoint a supervisor to provide support for the workers. All these policies are made by the HRM for the welfare of the workers. Furthermore, these practices and policies also help to overcome on the cross cultural issues in the organization (Bardhan Weaver, 2011). Along with this, Telstra uses hostede cross cultural dimension model to reduce and cope with the cross cultural issues. This model plays a vital role in cross cultural management (Shi Wang, 2011). On the above mentioned aforesaid events, it has been evaluated that culture shock is one of the significant issues in Telstra which could influence the success and growth of the firm. Therefore, the company needs to focus on the culture shock to maximize profitability and minimize risks and challenges of the foreign market. Effective and unique measures are taken by the human resource management to manage culture shock at the workplace. Along with this, HRM should make effective and dynamic plans, policies and strategies to handle the culture shock within the organization. References Bardhan, N., Weaver, C. K. (Eds.). (2011).Public relations in global cultural contexts: Multi-paradigmatic perspectives. Routledge. Ko, H. C., Yang, M. L. (2011). The effects of cross-cultural training on expatriate assignments.Intercultural Communication Studies,20(1). Lin, Y. C., Chen, A. S. Y., Song, Y. C. (2012). Does your intelligence help to survive in a foreign jungle? The effects of cultural intelligence and emotional intelligence on cross-cultural adjustment.International Journal of Intercultural Relations,36(4), 541-552. Podsiadlowski, A., Grschke, D., Kogler, M., Springer, C., Van Der Zee, K. (2013). Managing a culturally diverse workforce: Diversity perspectives in organizations.International Journal of Intercultural Relations,37(2), 159-175. Reiche, B. S., Harzing, A. W. (2011). International assignments.International human resource management,3, 185-226. Rubera, G., Kirca, A. H. (2012). Firm innovativeness and its performance outcomes: A meta-analytic review and theoretical integration.Journal of Marketing,76(3), 130-147. Shi, X., Wang, J. (2011). Interpreting hofstede model and globe model: which way to go for cross-cultural research?.International journal of business and management,6(5), 93. Telstra. (2018). Good value, great service [Online].Available at https://www.telstra.com.au/aboutus/our-company/supplying-to-telstra[Accessed as on 1st April 2018]. Telstra.(2018). Our company [Online]. Available at https://www.telstra.com.au/aboutus/our-company/supplying-to-telstra [Accessed as on 1st April 2018]. Wang, D., Su, Z., Yang, D. (2011). Organizational culture and knowledge creation capability.Journal of knowledge management,15(3), 363-373.

Roman Military Essays - Military Of Ancient Rome, Roman Legion

Roman Military Roman Military The Roman army was one of the greatest forces of all times. The Roman army ,at its finest point, was nearly inconquerable. This was due to the discipline of the soldiers, the hard and effective training of the soldiers, the speed at wich new tactics were learned, and to theorganization of the soldiers. From early times right down to the 3rd century A.D, the Roman army was based on its legions. A legion varied in strength from four-thousand to six-thousand men, and was subdivided onto ten cohorts. Its leader used the title of legatus. His staff officers were called tribuni. Senior non-commissioned officers were called centurions, who varied greatly in rank. The soldiers of the legion were picked men: They were all Roman citizens and received a higher pay than the auxillary troops ,that is, foreigners who serve with the Roman army. A legion consisited of heavily armoured infantry foot soldiers. The Roman infantry became a feared force, well disciplined and well trained. Their weapons were two javelins each and a short thrustingsword. Cavalry was supplied by the auxilaries ,second line troops, and was organised mainly in units of 500 men. When it was on campaigns the army was accompanied by a number of 7 specialists. One was the camp commandant, who was responsible for the organisation of the camp. The Romans were very careful about their camps. No Roman army halted for a single night without digging a trenches and fortifying its camp. Each soldier took his share in establishing the camp and striking the camp the next day. Another specialist was the quaestor, whose duty was to look after all the money matter. then there were the engineers and all kinds of craftsmen and artisans. They were responsible for siege operations and for the rather primative Roman"artillery", which consisted of big catapults and complicated machines a little like crossbows. These were mainly used for hurling big rocks and stones at the walls of a defence place. The engineers also had to build the moveable towers that were used in sieges. The Roman soldiers went up inside these towers so that they could see over the walls of a fortified place and shoot their stones and arrows into it. The engineers also made the scaling ladders that were used for getting over walls.

Free Essays on Modern Art

Modern Art In the late 19th and early 20th century, the concepts (such as fauvism, expressionism, cubism, orphism futurism, etc.) are all classified under the category of modernism. Modernism includes all styles of painting, sculpture, and architecture that were done between 1880 and the beginning of World War II in 1939. (Stokstad 1023) This period of time in art history was filled with many new and different ideas, styles, and perceptions. Artists during the modernism period were all bound together by the fact that they were different from the standard. As modernism developed it, became more and more eclectic. This tendency gave artists the freedom to do what they want with art and not what was considered to be good art. The freedom of expression that began with modernism continued to be a part of the art world after World War II and is still a big part of artistic creation today. A good example of what modernism is about was an artwork, Fountain, by Marcel Duchamp. A member of the American society of independent artists, Duchamp admitted Fountain, which was a urinal that had been fixed onto a painted background, into society?s exhibition of independent artists. Duchamp signed the art with a false name, R. Mutt, and turned it into the exhibition, just to see what the other members of the society would say. As one would suspect, the society threw the piece out. Duchamp defended the piece by expressing his views on art. Ducamp stated that it didn?t matter what the art looked like. Instead, what was more important was why it was created in the first place (Stokstad 1022). As modernism took over the art world, so did this idea of artistic expression. Artists, such as Paul Cezanne, painted what they felt when they looked at an object, landscape, person, etc. as opposed to painting exactly what they saw. Inspiration for the created works of artists like G ustave Klimt and Odilon Redon were composed primarily from their mi... Free Essays on Modern Art Free Essays on Modern Art Modern Art In the late 19th and early 20th century, the concepts (such as fauvism, expressionism, cubism, orphism futurism, etc.) are all classified under the category of modernism. Modernism includes all styles of painting, sculpture, and architecture that were done between 1880 and the beginning of World War II in 1939. (Stokstad 1023) This period of time in art history was filled with many new and different ideas, styles, and perceptions. Artists during the modernism period were all bound together by the fact that they were different from the standard. As modernism developed it, became more and more eclectic. This tendency gave artists the freedom to do what they want with art and not what was considered to be good art. The freedom of expression that began with modernism continued to be a part of the art world after World War II and is still a big part of artistic creation today. A good example of what modernism is about was an artwork, Fountain, by Marcel Duchamp. A member of the American society of independent artists, Duchamp admitted Fountain, which was a urinal that had been fixed onto a painted background, into society?s exhibition of independent artists. Duchamp signed the art with a false name, R. Mutt, and turned it into the exhibition, just to see what the other members of the society would say. As one would suspect, the society threw the piece out. Duchamp defended the piece by expressing his views on art. Ducamp stated that it didn?t matter what the art looked like. Instead, what was more important was why it was created in the first place (Stokstad 1022). As modernism took over the art world, so did this idea of artistic expression. Artists, such as Paul Cezanne, painted what they felt when they looked at an object, landscape, person, etc. as opposed to painting exactly what they saw. Inspiration for the created works of artists like G ustave Klimt and Odilon Redon were composed primarily from their mi...

Slumming It Essay Essay Example

Slumming It Essay Essay Example Slumming It Essay Essay Slumming It Essay Essay Through the documentary McCollum consistently expresses his pollens on Diehard and aims to solve the enigma that this slum is claimed to have a strong sense of community, high employment rate, little crime and a model for sustainable living. Kevin Mucosas opinions in the opening scenes of the film reinforce the audiences attitudes of poverty stricken, disease rife slums. He says When I think of a slum, the thing I think of is misery. And for people to say they are intensely happy, I don buy that. These relatable personal opinions and camera shots of McCollum experiencing the extremes of the slum give him a persona of a genuinely interested and honest investigator. This positions the audience to respect him and adds an air of credibility which encourages the audience to accept the information as reliable and encourages them to accept the views being promoted by Kevin McCollum. Juxtaposition is shown through the editing of camera shots which displays the negative and positive aspects o f Diehard. Camera shots of littered lands, crowded and fragile makeshift housing and children playing in sewage, gives us a powerful image that further strengthens the attitudes and ideologies the western world has with poverty stricken societies. This persuades the audience to feel empathy and arrow towards this poor and euthanized community. However through the construction of taking a positive approach and emphasizing the qualities of the slum, the audiences attitude is altered. Silencing Is used as information such as the high death rates in slums, depression and struggle that many people In the slum experience regularly is not included. Not knowing this Information, positions the audience to perceive the slum as a more positive place, as the positive features are focused on stronger. Conversations are had with the people who live In Dorval, we gain Information of personal experiences wealth the slum. Convincing statistics are given through the narration of McCollum, such as the high 85% employment rate of Dorval. Also through the visual shots of the communities utilizing space extremely well, the connections and Interaction between all the people In the slum and the long camera shots which emphasize the smiles, laughter and happiness had In the communal TTY, persuades us to change our Attlee we previously Ana AT ten slum. Film puts forward the view that underneath the unsanitary conditions, there are values overlooked that the western world can learn such as teamwork, social interaction, space management and the keys Tao happy life. The construction processes used in Slumming It were effective in conveying and persuading the audience of first world countries. Its purpose of exposing the audience to the knowledge of the true happiness and intelligent tools that can be learnt from poverty stricken societies was achieved. The documentary altered the audiences attitude and ideologies that people living in slums are not depressed, unmotivated and uneducated people as the film persuaded us that they are very content in the way in which they live focusing their values in happiness and life qualities. I chose this documentary as the ways in which other cultures live interests me. The knowledge of a identity other then my own and to learn the way in the way which they live and express their language to connect to the communities in which they live in, has altered my attitudes and ideologies not only towards the people living in slums like Diehard, but the western society and how much we lack qualities such as sustainable living and the happiness shared with social interaction in our own communities.

Project managment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Project managment - Assignment Example Company will cater premium product in hot beverages and will cover different types of teas and coffees. Shop will also provide complimenting products like cupcakes, pastries and other bakery items. People can have casual chats and enjoy the drink. Small meetings can also be held by the professional in the comfortable environment of the outlet. Shop will though provide take away keeping in mind that professionals of Murphy Street are busy most of the times. The name of the shop will be Tà © y cafà ©. The outlet will not focus on a single product, but it will focus on both tea and coffees. This way tà © y cafà © will not miss any professional in the Murphy Street. The project will be to establish the shop in Murphy Street. If the business start up is successful then more market will be covered with penetrating other regions and markets. An online ordering system will also be built. This will be helpful in catering the customers who are busy even during lunch hours and cannot come to tà © y cafà © to buy their beverage. The online system will deliver the coffee and tea to the office of the customer and will collect cash. This system will be cash on delivery. Customer can place an order for their customized beverage via the email system. As soon as the order is placed, the product will be prepared and delivered on an immediate basis. Project management is defined as the planning of the organization’s human resource and other resource in order to achieve a specific goal or complete a specific project (Gray, Larson and Desai, 2006). Project management is a task aspect where the organization utilizes its resource to achieve one time task (Kerzner, 2013). It is not ongoing work but rather is one time project which is achieved by organizing, planning, motivating and controlling different resources (Brotherton, Fried, and Norman, 2008). A

Annotated Bilbliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Annotated Bilbliography - Essay Example By incorporating this process, organizations will see a trend in accelerated innovation, which will be realized in operations, products, and processes. Agresti, A. (2000). Categorical Data Analysis. New York: Wiley. The book explains the use of statistical methods for categorical data and explains its importance for various applications especially in biomedical and social sciences. The book explains different methods using a variety of real data in different settings such as medical trials, environmental opinions and much more and is useful for researchers in different fields as is provides statistical methods used in evaluating and analyzing data that will be used for categorical responses. The book offers an introduction to the most important methods used in categorical data analysis and offers the latest methods for repeated measurements and other forms of clusters of categorical data that include marginal models, associated generalized estimation equation methods and mixed models that have random effects. Argyris, Chris. (1977). Organizational Learning and Management Information Systems. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 2(2), 113-123. The journal re-examines the ongoing debate concerned with the implementation crisis of management information systems considering the theory of organizational learning. The journal explains the need for information management in organizations and elaborates on the use of management information systems to achieve proper information handling. The author explains that organizational knowledge is one of the most important assets of an organization and uses management information systems to show how organizations can ensure growth through proper information handling. It explains the need of management information systems in organizations for detecting and correcting errors that occur in the information requirements of organizations and explains that recommendations made for different organizations fail because they are either in adequate or inconsistent with the organizational structures. Brown, A. (2004). Innovation Management and Contemporary Small Enterprise Research. Sydney: Edith Cowan University, Australia. The book is about the process of innovation that has become an integral and critically important activity for the businesses of present age. The author explains how the process of innovation can help the companies in attaining the maximum productivity and benefits by getting competitive edge upon their competitors. Caron, Raymond J, Sirkka, L Jarvenppa & Stoddard, Donna B. (1994). Business Reengineering at CIGNA Corporation: Experiences and Lessons Learned from the First Five Years. MIS Quarterly, 18(3), 233-250. The journal explains the uncertainty and confusion that exits concerning business reengineering and when it is effective and provides a longitudinal view of CIGNA Corporation’s experiences with business reengineering over time. The authors give an overview of CIGNA, which is an established insurance and financial services provider in the United States and the various reengineering practices it has conducted and enabled it to save large sums of money. The author explains how each fund invested in reengineering has brought returns in form of benefits as it leads to reduction of operational costs, maximizes on use of time,

Case Solution Electro Logic Essay Example for Free

Case Solution Electro Logic Essay Ram Singam -Electro Logic writeup1. Motivational Strengths and Weaknesses of Electro Logic Strengths: Electro Logic (EL) employees are part of a highly dynamic industry and they are given the opportunity to make a difference in IT through great perfection of the VFVA system. Salaries and wage raises are offered based on performance, stimulating as such EL staff members will increase their efforts in supporting the organization reach its overall goals. On-campus-job training programs are motivating as the employees are able to learn from their colleagues in a familiar environment, maximizing the chances of future successes. The company is continually evolving, engaging as such its employees in a complex dynamic process, which maintains their motivation and reduces routine work EL creates opportunities for social interactions, which increase morale and employee collaboration. Weaknesses In Electro Logic the fact that major funding comes primarily from the government, the budget for this company was not fixed for a long term, employee benefits, Health insurance premiums can change any time, no job security for employees; thus employees levels of motivation, and consequently performance and Outcomes are negatively affected. The selection criteria for the newly appointed responsibilities were rather arbitrary and this could generate dissatisfaction. Advancement opportunities are unclear to employees as such fail to properly motivate the EL employees. The internal structure of EL organization is based on vertical hierarchy, with employees being given limited access to distinguish them. The more flat the organization the better the motivation and performance. Reinforcement is missing. The three locations of the Electro Logic separate buildings reduce the employees ability to concentrate and integrate as a team and also reduce their morale on High-Priority Actions. The micro management in some areas should be reduced in the main building. The Administrative department should be treated fairly as it is also part of the company. The appreciation and integrated team work is missing at the Electro Logic. This reduces the outcomes. Employee’s personal needs are not recognized by the managers thus reducing the satisfaction.

literature :: essays research papers

Literature Based Instruction This article is part of a series drawn from work in the Handbook of Reading Research: Volume III (Kamil, Mosenthal, Pearson, & Barr, 2000). My reasoning for choosing this article is simple; I like to read to children and to tell them stories. I think we can make reading much more interesting if we get away from the Basal Readers and introduce children to all forms of literary works. *Literature-Based Instruction: A Rationale Definitions of literature-based instruction emphasize the use of high-quality literary works as the core instructional materials used to support literacy development A guiding principle of the literature-based perspective is that literacy acquisition occurs in a book-rich context where there is an abundance of purposeful communication and meaning is socially constructed. Literary works in such contexts include a wide range of materials: picture books, big books, predictable books, folk tales, fables, myths, fantasy, science fiction, poetry, contemporary realistic fiction, historical fiction, nonfiction informational books, and biographies. *Reading to young children has always been the most common practice for implementing literature-based instruction in preschool and primary classrooms. Anecdotes and observations drawn from case studies of children who have been read to frequently have described behaviors associated with early literacy development These cases demonstrate that young children who have been read to frequently know how to handle books and can identify the front of a book, the print to be read, and the appropriate direction for reading the print. How many times do we see older students with books that have not been taken care? How many times do we see young people sitting in a quiet spot just reading a book for enjoyment? If you could go back and check, you would probably find out that they were not read to as young children. Reading stories is not a magical activity for literacy development; it is the quality of the interaction that occurs during reading that results in positive effects, rather than just the storybook reading itself. The article states â€Å"that storybook reading sessions in classrooms are often not of sufficient quality to engage students fully and to maximize literacy growth. Reading stories as an act in itself does not necessarily promote literacy; attitudes and interaction enhance the potential of the read-aloud event for promoting literacy development.

“Changes” by Tupac Shakur Essay

The song that I chose to analyze is â€Å"Changes† by Tupac Shakur. The late Tupac Shakur was an African American rapper who was shot dead years ago. His powerful lyrics have impacted the rap industry to this day, because he spoke the truth. His lyrics directly related to his everyday struggles, and how being a successful African American is not an easy task to achieve. Rap usually talks about events of everyday life, and the song â€Å"Changes† talks about racial profiling, poverty, and how racism affects the everyday life of African American people. Note that this song came out in about 1996 where things were different, however the lyrics of this song still ring in the ears of people who are affected by the evil of racism. The song starts off with the line â€Å"I see no changes†. The changes I believe he is referring are the changes that supposedly occurred after the Civil Rights Movement. My interpretation of what Tupac says is that, even though African American people are supposed to have more freedoms since the movement, he doesn’t see many changes at all. In the first stanza Tupac talks about how the police do not really care about the black man, and that no one is going to help them but themselves. They need to start looking out for each other instead of killing each other. He talks about how no one cares that drugs and guns are being brought into the lives of African Americans everyday, and that when they die its just â€Å"one less hungry mouth on the welfare†. The second stanza starts off with â€Å"I see no changes. All I see is racist faces.† This conveys the same thing I stated earlier. There are not many changes that have been made, and people are still just as racist as they were. He also talks about how the majority of the people in jail are blacks, but that is because they keep doing the things that are putting them there. They have no other way to get money, so they resort to selling drugs. He realizes that this is the reason African Americans are not succeeding but there is nothing else they can do. At the end of the stanza he states this clearly when he says â€Å"Well hey, well that’s the way it is.† In the final stanza, Tupac finally tries to convey that changes really do need to be made. He says â€Å"It’s time for us a people to start makin’ some  changes. Let’s change the way we eat, let’s change the way we live†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He is trying to tell the people of the African American community that there is hope. The way that his people have been trying to survive has not been working, so he say’s â€Å"You see the old way wasn’t working so it’s on us to dowhat we gotta do, to survive.† He then talks about how he wants peace in the streets. He then calls for a war on poverty, instead of on drugs. He lets the people know that if they do see a successful black man, they will be jealous, but if they get that money the right way the cops will not be able to do anything about it. He ends the song by saying, as long as he is black he is going to stay strapped, which means that no matter what he does he is going to have to prot ect himself in someway, because someone is always going to be out to get him because of the color of his skin.

Nurse Management

Our services are provided to those who have a private insurance, Medicare, Medicaid, or have the ability to pay for themselves. No individuals in need of our help will be denied, because of their inability to pay. I believe that management currently employs an instrumental leadership method. The instrumental leadership method has a category that includes the strategic leadership method. According to Rowel (2014), strategic leadership â€Å"influences organizational performance indirectly through actions and sections taken by the leader and his or her follower. Essentially it a follow the leader method, that seems to have taken on quite well with the majority. Our unit leader does not lead vocally, but through her actions. She works hard and which set the bar and example for the remainder of staff to follow. I believe that one of our biggest problems is the lack of accountability from some staff member. It is unfortunately really tough for some people to own up to their own mistakes, which would ultimately help the staff as a whole cause it is something that we all learn from.Our duty is to provide our patients with a multi-disciplinary team throughout their tenure with us, with the hopes of helping them reach a maximum level of dependability. This way they can gradually ease back into society. Ideally, the typical patient to nurse ratio is six to one. I reiterate the fact that is ideally, as with most nurses, in most facilities, we are normally understaffed. So that patient to nurse ratio can sometime reach to ten to one. Which in behavioral health, can be extremely dangerous.Many of our patients are very unstable individuals, and require extra care and supervision. Imagine having multiple patients needing that same care and supervision, at the same time. I simple solution would like for this, is for us to monitor our admissions. Take in account how many nurses are on staff, before admitting several patients at one time. Nurse Management Our services are provided to those who have a private insurance, Medicare, Medicaid, or have the ability to pay for themselves. No individuals in need of our help will be denied, because of their inability to pay. I believe that management currently employs an instrumental leadership method. The instrumental leadership method has a category that includes the strategic leadership method. According to Rowel (2014), strategic leadership â€Å"influences organizational performance indirectly through actions and sections taken by the leader and his or her follower. Essentially it a follow the leader method, that seems to have taken on quite well with the majority. Our unit leader does not lead vocally, but through her actions. She works hard and which set the bar and example for the remainder of staff to follow. I believe that one of our biggest problems is the lack of accountability from some staff member. It is unfortunately really tough for some people to own up to their own mistakes, which would ultimately help the staff as a whole cause it is something that we all learn from.Our duty is to provide our patients with a multi-disciplinary team throughout their tenure with us, with the hopes of helping them reach a maximum level of dependability. This way they can gradually ease back into society. Ideally, the typical patient to nurse ratio is six to one. I reiterate the fact that is ideally, as with most nurses, in most facilities, we are normally understaffed. So that patient to nurse ratio can sometime reach to ten to one. Which in behavioral health, can be extremely dangerous.Many of our patients are very unstable individuals, and require extra care and supervision. Imagine having multiple patients needing that same care and supervision, at the same time. I simple solution would like for this, is for us to monitor our admissions. Take in account how many nurses are on staff, before admitting several patients at one time.

s Faust

Goethe’s Faust and the Character Critique of Faust Johann Wolfgang Goethe was born on August 28, 1749 into a patrician family in Frankfurt/Main. His education there embraced many areas and foreign languages. â€Å"He studied law at Leipzig and later in Strassburg, where under J.G. Herder's influence he discovered the beauty of Gothic architecture, folk poetry, Homer and Shakespeare†(Quoted in TheatreHistory.com). Falling in love with Friederike Brion gave the world some of the most beautiful love poems. One play written by him is â€Å"Faust.† This play is concerning a man feels that the more he learns, the more he feels about a certain â€Å"futility of man.† He longs for a real reason to live, something to give him meaning and character. â€Å"Faust appears as a typical man of the Renaissance, as an explorer and adventurer, as a superman craving for extraordinary power, wealth, enjoyment, and worldly eminence† (Francke 1). â€Å"In his study Faust recalls his former research. His life devoted to the pursuit of the ultimate knowledge has led nowhere. He even tries black magic and eventually considers suicide† (Quoted in TheatreHistory.com). â€Å"Hearing the sound of the Easter hymn coming from outside tears him out of his depressive mood and brings up happy recollections of his youth† (Quoted in TheatreHistory.com). He claims he’s done so much work through the years that he never had a chance to have any fun since he was a child. On a walk in the fields a stray dog joins him. Back in the study the poodle changes into Mephistopheles. Faust and Mephistopheles make a pact: Mephistopheles will serve Faust and provide any pleasures he requires; Faust will forfeit his life and lose his soul at that very moment, when he â€Å"forgets his longing and is content simply enjoying the moments pleasures†(Quoted in TheatreHistory.com). Faust’s character eventually comes about the most wonderful realization. He begins to understand what m... 's Faust Free Essays on Goethe\'s Faust Goethe’s Faust and the Character Critique of Faust Johann Wolfgang Goethe was born on August 28, 1749 into a patrician family in Frankfurt/Main. His education there embraced many areas and foreign languages. â€Å"He studied law at Leipzig and later in Strassburg, where under J.G. Herder's influence he discovered the beauty of Gothic architecture, folk poetry, Homer and Shakespeare†(Quoted in TheatreHistory.com). Falling in love with Friederike Brion gave the world some of the most beautiful love poems. One play written by him is â€Å"Faust.† This play is concerning a man feels that the more he learns, the more he feels about a certain â€Å"futility of man.† He longs for a real reason to live, something to give him meaning and character. â€Å"Faust appears as a typical man of the Renaissance, as an explorer and adventurer, as a superman craving for extraordinary power, wealth, enjoyment, and worldly eminence† (Francke 1). â€Å"In his study Faust recalls his former research. His life devoted to the pursuit of the ultimate knowledge has led nowhere. He even tries black magic and eventually considers suicide† (Quoted in TheatreHistory.com). â€Å"Hearing the sound of the Easter hymn coming from outside tears him out of his depressive mood and brings up happy recollections of his youth† (Quoted in TheatreHistory.com). He claims he’s done so much work through the years that he never had a chance to have any fun since he was a child. On a walk in the fields a stray dog joins him. Back in the study the poodle changes into Mephistopheles. Faust and Mephistopheles make a pact: Mephistopheles will serve Faust and provide any pleasures he requires; Faust will forfeit his life and lose his soul at that very moment, when he â€Å"forgets his longing and is content simply enjoying the moments pleasures†(Quoted in TheatreHistory.com). Faust’s character eventually comes about the most wonderful realization. He begins to understand what m...

Kiss Anyone, Just Not the Gunners Daughter

Kiss Anyone, Just Not the Gunners Daughter Kiss Anyone, Just Not the Gunners Daughter Kiss Anyone, Just Not the Gunners Daughter By Kate Evans A kiss is just a pleasant reminder that two heads are better than one. Unknown Kissing is a very ancient and widely spread means of greeting and showing affection. Kissing conjures up sweet images of romantic embraces or familial love. One imagines kissing a loved one, a child, a family member. Yet apparently, according to these often forgotten, helpful phrases, kissing a book, some dust, or even the foot of a small woodland creature can have a much deeper meaning. For example, a kiss-behind-the-garden-gate is a country name for a pansy. If you kiss the place to make it well, you are referring to the old custom of sucking the poison out of a wound. If you are kissing the dust, you are completely overwhelmed or humiliated. While kissing hands seems fairly straight forward, it harkens back to the tradition of kissing the hand of a sovereign or a saints statue. If the statue was placed too high to kiss directly, people would kiss their own hands and wave it in towards the saint. On a less romantic note, kissing the gunners daughter meant being flogged aboard a ship. Soldiers who were to be flogged were tied to the cannons breech. While there is perhaps less flogging going on these days, the phrase can still refer to a stiff punishment. And finally, if you kiss a hares foot then you are late. You have missed your appointment and the hare hopped by, leaving its footprint for you to see. While one should perhaps steer away from getting flogged, these other colloquialisms might just come in handy. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Writing a Reference Letter (With Examples)8 Proofreading Tips And Techniques20 Ways to Cry

Liberation movements and US policy Research Paper

Liberation movements and US policy - Research Paper Example Over the past, there has been a number of liberation movements all aimed at getting some specific end results. These liberation movements usually have some effects on the areas in which they operate. They touch on different spheres for instance political, social, economic and socio-cultural areas (Berdal and Malone 108). This piece of work looks at various liberation movements and their effect on the US Policy. As stated earlier, there has been formation of a number of liberation movements each of them having different impacts on different aspects. Some of them have lasted for a relatively long period of time and achieved their mission and vision while others have only existed for a short period of time. There have been a lot of terms and definitions that have been put forth with respect to liberation movements. For instance, they have been referred to as rebel movements, non-state armed groups, insurgencies among other terms. Some definitions tend to be relatively narrow while other s are very extensive. The difference in definitions has been as a result of the difference in these group’s structure, goals and objectives and well as their geopolitical environment. However, a general definition that has been put forward for the resistance and liberation movements states that they are groups that have a hierarchical organization that acts as a command tool, are independent from state control, they use violence to attain political ends and have a certain level of territorial power over a given geographical area (Bruderlein 17). Some of the liberation movements that will be discussed in this paper include FARC, Hamas, Hezbollah and Basque Separatist. FARC FARC stand for the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia. It was founded in the year 1964. It is ranked as the largest, oldest, best equipped and most capable Latin America’s insurgency. It was established as a military wing linked with the Columbian Communist Party. It is of Marxist origin. Currentl y, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia concentrates in fighting for the achievement of the Marxist goals. Columbia is the primary country of operation of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia. However it undertakes some other activities in its neighboring nations for instance acquisition of weapons, extortion, kidnapping, as well as logistics among others (The National Counterterrorism Center par 1). As a resistance and liberation movement, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia employs different tactics in an effort to achieve its goals and objectives against Columbia military, economic as well as political targets. Some of the tactics include murder, extortion, bombing, kidnapping, revolutionary and conventional military action as well as hijacking. The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia is also well known in its indulgence in drug trafficking related activities for example its cultivation, distribution and taxation. The main factor that has led to the consider ation of the US persons as being legitimate military targets is the fact that the United States fully supports the Columbian government. Although the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia has had some successes in its activities, it has also faced a lot of challenges that have undermined its powers thus affecting its capability to undertake its activities, as desired against the Columbian government and the United States of America at large. In the year 2009 for example, the group lost a

LABOUR MARKET POLICY The essay should be a maximum of 1400 words in

LABOUR MARKET POLICY The should be a maximum of 1400 words in length - Essay Example Since the agent represents the persona of the company, principles should selectively hire agents that can best represent their agenda. This relationship can be ideal when the agent is an expert in the field and displays allegiance to the principle. However, if overall goals aren’t uniformed then problems can arise. In order to minimize misunderstandings, informal or formal contracts, that explain what is expected of the agent, should be given to the agent and firmly enforced. The principle should ensure that vital language is inserted in the agreement to protect and promote the principle’s agenda. For corporations, which are your larger principles, human resource managers should be hired to maximize employee output. Authors David E Dimick and Victor V. Murray (1978: 611) in their article â€Å"Correlates of Substantive Policy Decisions in Organizations: The Case of Human Resource Management† defines human resource managers as personnel management which facilitate various organizational objectives. One responsibility of the human resource manager is the implementation of personnel practices that fit the specific needs of the employer. The human resource managers are directly responsible for the hiring of most qualified employees that display the most appropriate levels of capabilities. Thus the human resource manager should act in the best interest of the principle and formulate agency policy that benefits the behalf of the principle. Since human resource managers act as intermediaries between the corporate principle and agent, they should have in-depth knowledge of specific task demands. Knowing what is needed to ensure flow of operations, human resource managers should modify agency policy to include clear language to the agent of the expectations to their duties and expectations of the principle. According to the authors Lee G. Bolman and Terrence E. Deal

Techniques for Conducting Company Analysis and Stock Valuation Assignment - 2

Techniques for Conducting Company Analysis and Stock Valuation - Assignment Example Using comparables entails the use of an organization’s earnings in the process of valuing and organizations stock as well as analysis. Earnings also referred to as the net income or net profit, are the remaining amount after a firm settles all of its outstanding bills. In stock valuation and company analysis, there are earnings per share (EPS) which entails the measurement of earnings in coming up with an apples-to-apples comparison. To find the value of earnings per share, the expert analyzing the company divides the divides the dollar amount of the reported earnings of a corporation the currently outstanding number of shares in the enterprise.  Free cash flow techniques are the most common measurement used by experts, among other investment bankers, for valuing stock as well as analyzing public and private companies. This is in contrary to the fact that the majority of individual investors lack the knowledge of cash flow. Cash flow is simply the amount of money flowing thr ough a company during the business trading period or the company’s activities, usually a quarterly or a year, after doing away with fixed expenses. At times cash flows are referred to as earnings realized before interest, taxation, decreasing and accounting of an account as well as depreciation.  Options-based techniques entail the analysis of the company as well as the valuation of its stock as an alternative approach since it takes full consideration of the risks associated with a venture. While considering these risks, they recognize the ability of firms to postpone a venture until a later time or rather engage in a partial investment.

Of Mice and Men Essay Example for Free

Of Mice and Men Essay Two Itinerant migrant workers, George Milton and Lennie Smalls, are best friends, they have a unique relationship, almost one of father and son opposed to two adults, George looks after and cares for Lennie due to his limited metal abilities, which is often getting them into trouble, hence the reason they were chased out of town from their previous employment, They find work in a ranch in Northern California where they hope to save enough money to settle down and own a piece of land to attain the ‘American Dream’, which suggests that America is the land of prosperity and opportunity but as easy as dreams are made these dreams can also be easily shattered. At the ranch the atmosphere appears to be dangerous, when they are confronted with the bosses’ son Curley whom takes an instant disliking to Lennie, as he feels inferior to larger men, Curley’s Wife also opposes a problem, as she is very flirtatious. As they begin to settle in the ranch, their dream begin to take shape, when two other ranch hands are enticed and would like to be a part of it, the pair are overwhelmed that their dream is slowly turning into a reality. But the story turns when Lennie is left alone, and his love to stroke things ends up with him killing Curley’s Wife, the story then takes an emotional twist, when George is then faced with the dilemma to take his friends life, to save him from the lynch mob sent by Curley. Setting In the opening of the book during the first two pages it describes the tranquil peaceful surrounding of Northern California, â€Å"hillside bank runs deep and green† (pg18) this portrays the beautiful surrounding which is the disturbed by the arrival of two characters. The writer, John Steinbeck shows this by â€Å"rabbits hurried noiselessly for cover† (pg19) suggests the arrival of these two characters has disturbed the tranquil setting; this gives the reader the message that these characters bring trouble. At the end of the book, when both characters George and Lennie are sitting by the river bank, Steinbeck gives the reader the sense of panic by the quotations he uses, as Curley’s mob draw nearer, the writer first describes the atmosphere as â€Å"Shadow in the valley, blue and soft†(pg 144), this suggests that there is a calm before the storm. As more time passes the atmosphere around these two characters gets intense, â€Å"evening breeze blew over the clearing†, (pg 145), the atmosphere is changing around them, Steinbeck is creating a build up, causing a suspense that something is going to happen. When George shoots Lennie the atmosphere then is described as â€Å"the brush seemed filled with cries†, (pg 148) which symbolizes the loss of George, As this is such a great loss for him, losing his best friend, shows the love of their friendship was so strong that George could not let Lennie, die at the hands of Curley’s mob, You get the feel of their friendship, when both men are having a conversation about the dream, before Lennie is shot, â€Å"For the rabbit George†,(pg146), this suggests that George put Lennie is a false sense of security, so that he was in a happy place before he died, this shows how strong their friendship is. Characters George and Lennie George and Lennie are the two main characters, George is described as a small intelligent but uneducated man, George is ambitious who has big dreams in life. Lennie is a large man of statue with great strength and a big heart but his limited mental abilities, means he relies on George for his survival, he is a calm character and like a child he likes to hear stories from George, he doesn’t understand the consequences of his strength, resulting with him often getting the pair in serious trouble. George and Lennie have a unique relationship, you get a contrast of the love hate relationship between the two, There are quotes in the book where George suggests that he could get along better without Lennie, â€Å"I could get along easy and so nice if I didn’t have you on my tail†(pg24), this suggests that George feels that Lennie holds him back in life, but then in another quote when George is speaking to another character, he becomes defensive this shows that he cares about what people think of Lennie †what’s funny about it† and â€Å"He ain’t no cuckoo†(pg67) , this shows the contrast that on the one hand George believes Lennie slows him down in life, but then he feels that he has to care and protect Lennie. Narrative There is the use of slang and non Standard English throughout the book, the dialect used, is that of the slang used by an Itinerant workers at that time, this is effective because it helps to add to the realism of the story and creates a strong impact upon the readers. In book the narrative changes from third person to first person requently this is effective because you get both views and makes the story seem more believable and for the reader to sympathize with the characters. The use of figurative language in ‘Of Mice and Men’ creates the atmosphere of reality. In the beginning of the book the Narrative is in third person style, Lennie is described as â€Å"Sloping shoulders†(pg19) And George is described as â€Å"Strong features†,(pg19) this is effective because, it makes the reader visualize what these characters look like, instead of having a bias view from a first person account. The first person accounts are effective because, In a first person account you can believe the passion of that person for example† He’s dumb as hell†, (pg 65) this is more genuine as it makes the reader believe what the characters views are.

I Wish to Pursue Structural Engineering :: Graduate Admissions Essays

I Wish to Pursue Structural Engineering A simple bridge truss was the first structure I ever analyzed. The simple combination of beams that could hold cars, trains, and trucks over long spans of water fascinated me. Having the tools to analyze the loads on the truss further increased my interest in structures. I encountered the bridge in a textbook for my first engineering class. Knowing that the professor, Mr. Paul Davids, was a tough teacher, I asked him for the textbook so I could study and get ready for the class over the summer. Just arrived from Belize, I was determined to succeed. In class we learned about forces on simple members and then we put the members together to form a simple truss. At this point I had almost decided that structural engineering was the career for me. From there the class just took off: We went on to frames, distributed loads, considered friction; basically we were incorporating real world considerations into structural members. I loved the practical, problem solving aspects of the field. At UC my classes were even more advanced. In my analysis and design classes, I especially enjoyed studying steel design because we not only learned the use of the load resistance factor design but also applied that knowledge -- I designed a four-story building. The professor was a practicing engineer, and he always related the subject to real life steel structures he had engineered, for example, the SB Medical Centre, an all steel building with a base isolated campus. This is the kind of project on which I would like to work, designing the structure and considering how the building will respond to ground motion. After two quarters of structural analysis, I had come as close as possible to analyzing real world structures. Looking back I realize, I had learned great tools for structural analysis, but my "tool box" was still inadequate. I lacked a very important tool: finite element analysis. According to my professor, finite element analysis has revolutionized structural an alysis. Although I liked my classes, my internship experiences really confirmed my interest in structural engineering. While working at Caltrans as a student volunteer, I reviewed computer grading output for streets under construction.

Asses sociological explanations for ethnic differences in educational achievement Essay

Asses sociological explanations for ethnic differences in educational achievement. 20 marks. Ethnicity refers to shared cultural practices, perspectives, and distinctions that set apart one group of people from another. That is, ethnicity is a shared cultural heritage. The most common characteristics distinguishing various ethnic groups are ancestry, a sense of history, language and religion. Modern Britain is said to be a multicultural society made up of many different ethnic groups. Achievement within education is very varied across cultures, with some such as Chinese and Indian students performing above the average, and African-Caribbean and Pakistani students performing well below average. There are many factors which can reduce a child from an ethnic backgrounds attainment. For instance, Material deprivation. Material deprivation focuses on income inequality and the material problems that are associated with it. An example of such a study is J. W. B Douglas, ‘The Home and The School’ (1964). He argued that an interlocking network of inequalities existed which operated against many working class students. This included, differential effects of regional and variations in educational provision and expenditure. Also, housing and environmental factors. Which led to chances of access to ‘good’ primary schools. Therefore, hindering the chance of access to top streams. As a result, minority ethnic children are more likely to live in low-income households. This means they face the problems that Douglas highlighted, the material factors, such as poor quality housing, no working space and even possibly bad influence of peers. One other reason for differences in educational achievement between ethnicities is the basic family life. African-Caribbean communities have a high level of lone parenthood. Actually, it is estimated 50% of African-Caribbean households have a lone-parent . This can mean that many face financial problems, this can lead to lower achievement in school (Douglas’ material factors). Conversely, single mothers can be a positive role model or influence for many young girls, meaning they perform better in education. Another explanation for ethnic differences is Language. For many children of an ethnic minority English is not their primary language. This can be a disadvantage because they may not understand exams as well as others. Also they might struggle to express themselves with limited English. Finally, some teachers may mistake poor English for a lack of intelligence, when actually this could be completely untrue, meaning that a clever child may be let down by the teacher who might not push the student to their full potential. However, you could argue that Chinese and Indian students first language isn’t English, on the other hand in these two cultures it is the norm to learn English as a strong second language. Therefore, they are not hindered by the second language barrier, as opposed to Bangladeshi’s for example. Language was such a big issue that Bernstein (1973) categorised students into two groups. Elaborated and restricted. In the case of an elaborated code, the speaker will select from a relatively extensive range of alternatives. However in the case of a restricted code the number of these alternatives is often severely limited. Bernstein’s work was not always praised. For instance, Labov (1974) argued that young blacks in the United States, although using language which certainly seems an example of the restricted code, nevertheless display a clear ability to argue logically. Their lack of knowledge concerning the subject may reach further than just the exams they have to take. For instance, due to the large amount of failing black Caribbean’s and Bangladeshi’s (a combined total of 41% managed to get 5 A* – C grades), teachers may be subconsciously prejudiced against ethnic minorities. This can lower the students attainments in many ways, one is that the teachers give the student lower grades. Another way is that the teacher negatively labels a student of ethnic minority which can lead to self-fulfilling prophecy. Racism can also lead to conflict between students and teachers, making learning a much harder task. Lastly, racism can lead to low-self esteem among ethnic minorities. A researcher who studies this was Howard Becker (1971). Becker Interviewed 60 Chicago high school teachers. He found that they judged pupils according to how closely they fitted image of â€Å"ideal pupil†. Their conduct & appearance influenced judgement. Middle class was closest to ideal, working class furthest away & labelled as badly behaved. As a result you can see, if teachers labelled students on how they look, you can imagine how they would label a whole ethnic race. Another factor for ethnic differences in educational achievement is the ethnocentric curriculum. There are several reasons why ethnic minorities may struggle due to this curriculum. One is that the subjects often focus on British culture; naturally White British students will have grown up with this culture, so they might have a greater understanding of the content than students who grew up in a different culture. Another reason is that the content of the curriculum could lower ethnic minorities self-esteem, this is because often the white character is seen as â€Å"good† and superior whilst the ethnic minorities are seen as â€Å"not as academic†. However, it is crucial not to forget that every ethnic minority underachieves at this level. In fact, in the UK, Chinese and Indian pupils score better grades than the â€Å"White† ethnic race. One of the main reasons for this is the support of the parents. Research has shown that some parents of ethnic minority, such as Chinese and Indian, take more interest in their child’s education, they also encourage their child more than other in other cultures. This obviously leads to higher achievement for the child. Not only the parents play a part. Some teachers may stereotype some ethnic minorities to be intelligent and hard-working. This encouragement and sort of support can aid a student in raising their grades. To conclude, there are many sociological explanations for the ethnic differences in educational achievement, from language barriers to family life at home. However, it is important to remember not all ethnic minorities to underachieve. Rafi Kentafi – Lindill 12P.

Health Promotion: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Levels

Health promotion is composed of three levels. Primary is the initial level of health promotion and prevention of diseases. The next level is secondary which involves early detection of a disease and prompt intervention to prevent the progression of the disease. Tertiary, the final level, is when a disease is permanent and the goal is to return the individual to the best possible level of functioning (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). According to American Diabetes Association website, the 2011 diabetes statistics in America is 25. 8 million of the population has diabetes. This paper focuses on the health promotion in primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of patients diagnosed with diabetes. Health promotion can affect many factors of a patient’s life from progression of a disease to loss of school or work days therefore loss of education and income to increase in healthcare. O’Donnell (2009) defines health promotion as: â€Å"the art and science of helping people discover the synergies between their core passions and optimal health, enhancing their motivation to strive for optimal health, and supporting them in changing their lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal health. Optimal health is a dynamic balance of physical, emotional, social, spiritual, and intellectual health. Lifestyle change can be facilitated through a combination of learning experiences that enhance awareness, increase motivation, and build skills and, most important, through the creation of opportunities that open access to environments that make positive health practices the easiest choice. † Patient’s active participation is a main part of health promotion. Patients have to take an active role because education provided to patients is to empower them to make better decisions in their healthcare. Primary interventions include making changes to the individual’s diets, activity levels, motivation, and knowledge. These interventions were utilized in a study to decrease the development of diabetes. The participants were selected by having diabetic risk factors including hypertension, obesity, increased blood sugar, hypercholesterolemia, or family history of diabetes (Penfold, 2013). Diet and nutrition advice was given to individuals. They were educated and demonstration provided on how to make healthy changes in their meals that was within a limited budget. Exercise sessions were also used as a preventative measure in which the individuals were encouraged to participate in cardio activities. The program encouraged the individuals to continue with the exercising by offering free classes. The participants of the study had a positive outlook as they progressed with the new healthy changes. Follow up will be a main factor in this fairly new study to determine if primary intervention was successful. Once an individual is diagnosed with an illness, intervening without hesitation is the key to the secondary level of health promotion. The cause of gestational diabetes is not completely known. Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy in women who did not previously have diabetes, but certain risk factors such as obesity can increase a women’s chance of developing it (Webb, 2013). Secondary preventions include prevention of further complication and treatment of a disease to decrease complications (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). The women should be educated on how to take blood glucose, targeted blood sugar levels and to contact providers with abnormal readings. Treatment of the gestational diabetes is also aimed at patients modifying their lifestyles with diet and exercise. If blood sugars remain uncontrolled Webb reports according to National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (2008) recommends metformin for treatment of gestational diabetes in spite of successful evidence. Patients that are not compliant are at risk of progression of diabetes. Primary and secondary prevention continue into tertiary level of health promotion. â€Å"Tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation to help people attain and retain optimal level of functioning regardless of their disabling condition (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). A patient can suffer from many complications of diabetes such as eye complications, foot complications, hypertension, kidney disease, neuropathy and depression. Patients are encouraged to have a satisfying lifestyles and function with their diseases. In an article about health and lifestyles of diabetic adolescents â€Å"Diabetic adolescents had healthier eating habits and more positive attitude towards their satisfaction with life, but their health perception is less positive than that of other adolescents (Serrabulho, Matos & Raposo, 2012). In the study diabetic adolescents had similarities of inactive activities and social support to adolescents without diabetes. The care of diabetic patient from a health promotion point view involves diet, exercise, medication, and knowledge. Involvement of experts in the fields and communities can assist the patient in awareness of diseases. When nurses and patients are educated on primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of prevention care, they develop a mutual respect and responsibility in assisting patients to have successful healthy lifestyles.

The Attraction of Skinheads essays

The Attraction of Skinheads essays In American History X the skinheads gather around an older man Cameron Alexander, a white power writer and recruiter of youthful neo-Nazis. His rhetoric of race reduces all the social problems in America to one thing-minorities. The trouble is, complex social problems never have one single underylying cause to be addressed, but the skinheads lack education and dont understand that minorities are being used as scapegoats. Cameron exploits kids who dont know what to do with themselves or their lives, who dont know what to think, or how to think. They fall for his story-like most of the German people fell for Adolph Hitlers in the 1930s. Hitler made the Jews a scapegoat, while the Skinheads blame anybody who isnt white and protestant. Of course, there is more to it. The film shows the Skinheads acting like terrorists; that is, they are disempowered people, young adults who think they are fighting for a cause and doing something good for themselves and society. They are full of rage about their lives, and minorities make a handy target against which to channel their rage. Also, a neo-Nazi gang is like any gang-the gang supplies a place to belong and fit in, a place to be part of some bigger purpose. Gangs are a response to social conditions, and gang members are not necessarily evil but they are impressionable. In the movie, almost all of them were adolescent males. I think they are looking for role models-someone to show them how to be real men. Unfortunately, Cameron is personable, well-spoken, and fatherly. He sets the wrong example for them, but the skinheads see him as someone to be like, someone who can show them what it means to be a man. When marginalized people feel powerless to address the inequities of society, they form gangs. They hope to achieve power in numbers. They are often hated by society, but experience love and loyalty in the gang&a...

College Admission Essay Sample

College Admission Essay Sample College Admission Essay Example: Various aspects are tasked with motivating an individual in the process of attaining the most important goals in life. A simple shift in perception is likely to complicate or simplify the journey and thus individuals must reconsider their decisions. My life probably follows the same direction given certain circumstances that characterize my life in the past, present, and the probable future. Apart from values like determination, resilience, and focus, my life is entirely centered on the end product that is usually manifested in terms of success. It comes from a great deal of survival tactics that eventually serve to satisfy an appetite. Operating within such precincts is therefore an issue of significant importance in my life and acts as the basis of judgment and expectation. In other words, everything I have ever achieved is generally embodied in procedural attributes that habitually conjured up some form of experience. Previous encounters in my life probably place my merit in certain sections of the society depending on the authenticity and evident quality. Throughout my life I have always received considerable favor and acknowledgment from friends, teachers, parents, and other members of the society. It included leadership positions and being trusted with accountability in any given setting that I did feature. The aspect of favor, or generally featuring as the chosen one, has mostly been enhanced by the fact that I have intermingled with people from various societal, cultural, and racial backgrounds. However, that is not enough in building a character that is compatible with any atmosphere, since education plays a major role altogether. I give credit to education for shaping the route towards most of my achievements due to factors that are definitely evident. At this point, I certainly realize that in order to gain experience in whatever field one desires, the learning process must be taken into a ccount. Basically every activity that is met with the eye and subsequently habituated by the mind can be referred to as a learning process. In the process of exhibiting my inner abilities and passion, I managed to gain favor from my father when he entrusted me with taking care of his business. I have worked in my father’s store for as long as I can remember, and this certainly serves as the best indicator of the kind of person I am going to be in the future. I believe that all I need is additional education that will further improve on my abilities. Over the years I have realized that nothing works better than a learning process that is enhanced by practicality in any given field. Being able to manage my father’s store amidst considerable applause probably puts me in the best position to anticipate for any crucial goal I intend to achieve. Working at my father’s store therefore represents the best thing that ever happened to my personality in terms of creating essential habits that would easily put me in the desired position. Education and experience therefore serve as my partners in this journey and should not be disregarded whatsoever. Having originated from Asia, I believe that my prior encounters and experiences would definitely strengthen my struggle. Additionally, I would also be placed in the best position to help the institution, the immediate community and probably the two countries involved in my upkeep. The possibility of interacting with students from all walks of life will also be instrumental in sharpening my abilities as a result of what I would learn from them. Due to all the above named aspects, qualities, and values, I can easily visualize a destiny that is full of satisfaction and success. A chance to study at your institution will definitely boost my chances of succeeding in my future endeavors. This is due to the diversity that is evident at your institution and the experience that I carry with myself. I would be pleased to materialize my dreams at your institution.

Tips for Writing an Introduction - Proofeds Writing Tips

Tips for Writing an Introduction - Proofeds Writing Tips Tips for Writing an Introduction Whether you’re writing a short paper or an 80,000 word dissertation, your opening chapter should be clear, well-structured and informative. This is because the introduction is the first thing your reader will see in your paper. It therefore serves as an entrance point to your work, laying out a map for what follows. It is also where you can make a good first impression by demonstrating your communication and analytical skills. A good paper therefore needs a good introduction. And to make sure your essays start as well as possible, it is worth considering three things in particular: content, structure and style. Introduction Content There are certain things that every introduction should include, so consider whether your introduction does the following: Define Your Terms Often the most important thing you can do is outline your subject area and define how you are using key terms; try to use a definition from an expert rather than a dictionary definition. Briefly Explain the Background of Your Research Detailed information can be saved for a literature review, but it can help to identify important existing research in the field and to explain how your work will build on this. State Your Objectives and what Your Work Adds to the Debate Explain specifically what you are arguing and how this contributes to existing knowledge. Outline the Structure of your Paper Provide an overview of what each section in your paper will cover and how they relate to your overall argument. This will make your work much easier to follow. Structure It is particularly important that the introduction to your paper is easy to follow, as a disorganized opening will create a negative first impression and there is sometimes a lot of information you need to convey in a short space (ideally, no more than 10% of the paper). As such, it is vital that each paragraph in your introduction flows smoothly into the next, with clarity and concision priorities. A good introduction will often be structured like a mini-paper in itself, with a beginning, middle and end in which you introduce your topic, explain the key concepts and conclude with a hypothesis. Style As mentioned above, clarity and concision are vital when writing an introduction. But there are a few additional things to keep in mind too: Grab the Reader’s Attention A good opening paragraph can make a big difference, so try using an interesting anecdote, example or provocative question to introduce your topic. Avoid Being Too General Though â€Å"Since the beginning of time†¦Ã¢â‚¬  might sound like a good starting point, you’re usually better off being a little more specific. Make Your Work a Pleasure to Read A good introduction will make your reader want to read on, so you should aim to make your writing clear, but still try to write with confidence and flair. Another tip is to write a rough introduction to begin with then revisit it once you have finished your research, by which point you should have good idea of what your paper is about! If you need further advice on how to write and structure an introduction, the professionals at Proofed are here to help.

Swift Water Rescue Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Swift Water Rescue - Research Paper Example This paper will discuss the different skills and knowledge that one needs to acquire in order to understand the rescue process. Over the past years, deaths related with drowning in the water bodies have been on the increase. This has been attributed to lack of knowledge on how to deal with incidents occurring on the sea and fast moving waters. The incidents may occur when the victim intentionally enters an unknown body of water, when a vessel capsizes, or when someone without training attempts to save someone who is drowning. Special training is required for a person to be certified as a swift water rescuer. And the rescuer must be physically capable of engaging the rough waters in order to save another. One skilled in boat racing cannot be certified based on that capability. And another who can swim fast will not guarantee that he will qualify as a swift water first responder. A swift water rescuer, besides having sufficient training is saving people, should also know how to use rescue tools and equipment. And more than that, the rescuer must also wear personal protective gears so that he or she may not sustain bodily harm. With the rough nature of swift water, the rescuer may not be able to predict or control its movement that would push the rescuer towards huge and pointed rocks, and ultimately cause trauma to the head or other parts of the body. Swift water rescue involves the removal of a victim from a body of water. This requires a person to have the right skills and knowledge to handle the problem effectively. A rescuer should put on the right attire to protect oneself from suffocation and being hurt during the rescue process. There are devices that ensure that the rescuer is well protected and armed in the rescue process. For instance, overalls are made of high-density polypropylene webbing that makes the rescuer clean and

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 358

Assignment Example The counselor told him that if he obeyed the institutional rules he would go to school to get his GED and this would help him a lot. The kind of world the speaker has built in the text is the prison world because he describes where new cons are taken that is diagnostic center, he also explains the routine checkup that is four times a day in his prison world. The rules of this world are the prison rules like check up four times a day, their mode of dressing. Some people in this world are treated with respect others with fear example the guy who had cooked heroin was treated with respect. Those welcome are the punks as they can pay protection example we do was attacked with a toothbrush to pay for protection hence showing he was not welcome. Continuing themes are showing the author from different times of his life example his early life before he went to prison like how he used to help his grandmother with work and was happy, the new understanding being conveyed here is unity he had with his family. The exploration of these themes helps engage in complexity of humanity example ways of survival because in the passage he says you are on your own there as no one will help you not even family. According to the writer, only the heart helps them survive in prison as there is no past or future, it’s just the moment. Humanity is all about survival. Example the author’s father tries to quit drinking that shows some humanity in him and tries it for his wife, which shows survival or saving his marriage though still Cecilia the author’s mother still abandons him out of fear of his actions when he is

Research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Research paper - Essay Example The banjo can have four or five strings and is made from a gourd, used as the sound box, covered with hide or plastic. The instrument developed from African instruments (banjar, bandora, banza) that were introduced by slaves (Banjo). The banjo’s predecessor was played in seventh century Africa (Mazbrow). In the seventeenth century, the instrument consisted of a long pole and attached gourd with three or four strings, made from horsehair, catgut, or hemp plant. At first it was played by West African wandering musicians, but by the eighteenth century was played by slave musicians in the West Indies. Knocking and beating was the style used. Notes began to slide and bend once tuning pegs and a flat board for fingering was added (Banjo). This â€Å"banjar† instrument was played in Maryland and Virginia from the mid-eighteenth century. It had a skin head, pegs, and a short thumb string. In Africa, the banjar was played with the talking drums but, in response to a slave uprisi ng in South Carolina, drums and horns became illegal, and the traditional way of playing was adapted to banjar solos (Banjo). The combination of banjo and fiddle, at the core of Appalachian music, was played exclusively by black musicians for about 100 years, before white musicians adopted it (Mazbrow). Just as spirituals were used to communicate escape plans, black banjo songs communicated subversive methods to survive slavery. Many of these songs used cunning animals, like foxes and snakes, to camouflage their message (Banjo). Black banjar music began to have a strong influence on the fiddle playing of Appalachian immigrants from Scotland and Ireland. Soon, white Appalachian musicians were playing the instrument in the same thumping style as the black Appalachian musicians. For some time, white banjo players depended on black banjo players, not only for rhythm and style, but even for acquiring a banjo in the first place (C. Conway 146). Mutual interest and instrument design collab oration soon modified the banjar, replacing the gourd with a wooden rim and open back. Sweeney, an Irish American added a fourth melody string, and the short drone thumb string was kept, so now the banjo had five strings (Banjo). Although African-American Appalachian musicians played the banjo throughout the nineteenth century, white Appalachian musicians dominated the emerging radio and recording technology (Banjo). The first white banjo player to achieve fame for his music, Joel Walker Sweeney, learned how to play the banjo from a neighboring plantation slave, and mid-nineteenth century white banjo players usually performed in black-face (Mazbrow). It was white performers whom people connected to hillbilly music, even though white banjo players had adopted a black musical tradition (Mazbrow). In fact, there has always been a lot of white pride in fiddle and banjo music, by those whose tradition came from Appalachian ancestors, and would never conceive of any black African American contribution to their musical heritage (Mazbrow). Appalachian fiddle and banjo music is popularly thought to be Irish and Scottish, but is syncopated and polyrhythmic, showing African history (Mazbrow). Polyrythm is alien to European music and central to African (Mazbrow). The typical way of strumming the banjo is to brush down with the backs of the fingernails while the thumb plucks the